Understanding Separation Anxiety in Dogs: Causes and How to Help Your Pet

Separation anxiety is a common issue among dogs, causing distress when they are left alone. Recognising the signs and understanding the causes are crucial steps in helping your canine companion feel more at ease during your absence.

Recognising the Signs of Separation Anxiety

Dogs experiencing separation anxiety may display a variety of behaviours, including:

• Excessive Vocalisation: Barking, whining, or howling when left alone.
• Destructive Behaviour: Chewing furniture, scratching doors, or other destructive activities.
• Restlessness: Panting, and or pacing in a fixed pattern, often near entryways.

Understanding the Causes

Separation anxiety can stem from various factors, and experts continue to debate its exact causes. Here are some commonly accepted theories:

1. Genetic and Breed Predisposition: While some breeds are more prone to anxiety, all dogs are inherently social animals. They are wired to migrate, hunt, rest, and protect their pack together. It is our responsibility as pet owners to teach them how to be comfortable on their own, as solitude does not always come naturally.
2. Lack of Gradual Exposure or Sudden Routine Changes: If a dog is not gradually introduced to alone time, they may find it distressing. Sudden changes, such as an owner returning to work or transitioning from a home to location-based work schedule, can also trigger anxiety.
3. Previous Abandonment: Dogs who have experienced abandonment in the past are more likely to develop separation anxiety.
4. Excessive Attention at Home: While showering your dog with love is natural, we should consider if our attention is excessive and healthy. An abrupt shift from constant attention to solitude can be difficult for dogs to cope with.
5. Lack of Physical and Mental Stimulation: Dogs with pent-up energy or boredom may experience heightened anxiety when left alone.

Strategies to Help Your Dog

1. Exercise and Mental Stimulation: Regular physical activity is essential for both physical and mental well-being. A well-exercised dog is generally more relaxed and less prone to anxiety.
2. Gradual Desensitisation: Acclimate your dog to being alone by starting with short departures and gradually increasing the duration. Many trainers recommend beginning this process as soon as you bring a puppy home—leaving the room for a minute and slowly increasing the time and distance helps build their confidence.
3. Create a Safe Space: Provide a designated, comfortable area in your home where your dog feels secure. This may include a cosy bed, crate, favourite toys, or items that carry your scent. Offering a ‘high value’ or favourite treat as you leave can help create a distraction and a positive association.
4. Seek Professional Help: If your dog’s anxiety is severe or persists despite your efforts, consulting a veterinarian or professional dog behaviourist can be beneficial. They can provide tailored guidance and, if necessary, discuss medical interventions.
5. Consider Doggy Daycare: Enrolling your pet in a reputable doggy daycare can provide them with socialisation, exercise, and companionship.

Conclusion

When it comes to separation anxiety, prevention is always better than cure. By implementing these strategies from the start, you can help your dog feel secure and comfortable when alone, fostering a happier and healthier life together. If preventive measures were not introduced early enough, gradual desensitisation and professional guidance can still make a significant difference.